Indexador

Abstract The discounting of delayed rewards plays an important role in everyday decision making, and steep discounting is associated with numerous behavioral problems. Most tasks used to assess delay discounting, however, are far simpler than many everyday decisions in which outcomes are both probabilistic and delayed. Probability, not delay, has been suggested to be the more salient attribute, a phenomenon we term delay–probability asymmetry. In two experiments, we compared preference on two‐attribute (amount and either delay or probability) tasks designed to result in equivalent discounting with preference on three‐attribute (amount, delay, and probability) tasks that included the same delay and probability conditions as well as interleaved three‐attribute conditions. Although three prominent models of choice (Białaszek et al., 2020; Killeen, 2023a; Vanderveldt et al., 2015) accurately described preference on the three‐attribute tasks, they failed to predict the asymmetry. Our results showed that the asymmetry resulted primarily from a decrease in delay discounting rather than from an increase in the salience of probability discounting. This decrease in degree of delay discounting may lead to more patient decisions in everyday choice situations and could reflect a shift to a better long‐term decision‐making strategy when outcomes are both probabilistic and delayed.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to verify whether the go/no‐go procedure with compound stimuli would establish derived asymmetric and transitive relations between stimuli under the control of contextual cues. In Experiment 1, nonarbitrary relational training and tests established red and blue background colors as the contextual cues. Subsequently, arbitrary relational training established relations between pairs of stimuli under the control of the contextual cues. Finally, tests evaluated the emergence of new relations under contextual control. All four participants, university students, met the learning criterion during training and demonstrated the derived relations that were tested. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, without the nonarbitrary relational training and testing. All three participants also exhibited the derived performances. The effectiveness of the procedure for establishing derived relations, the implications of the necessity of nonarbitrary relational training, and the possibilities for application are discussed.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Cultural responsiveness (CR) is a core principle of behavioral interventions and supports (BIS), yet challenges exist in operationalizing and assessing this important construct. First, there is a lack of rigorously developed, reliable, and valid measures of CR. Second, although CR is relevant to every society, little is known about how it manifests in non-Western cultural contexts. In this study, we present the development and validation of Cultural Responsiveness in Chinese Psychological Behavior Practices (CR-CPBP), an instrument designed to assess cultural competence as a foundational step toward CR in BIS in China. The development process follows the PROMIS® Instrument Development and Validation Scientific Standards and involves five phases: item development, content validation with Chinese BIS experts, content validation with Chinese parents of children who received BIS services, cognitive interviews with Chinese BIS practitioners, and psychometric evaluation. The process results in a reliable and valid 37-item self-report survey. The study has implications for research and practice, including how to use rigorous, mixed methods and involve key stakeholders to develop survey instruments and how to operationalize and assess CR within a specific cultural and social context.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

In 2017, Zirkel provided a comprehensive analysis of the judicial rulings related to Functional Behavioral Assessments (FBAs) and Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs). Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic and the Supreme Court’s Endrew F. decision reshaped the special education landscape, while reaffirming the centrality of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the United States. Yet, the vague language of the IDEA for FBAs and BIPs has remained unchanged. This article provides an updated analysis of the judicial case law on FBA-BIPs, focusing on the outcomes of the rulings overall and longitudinally as well as the component categories of entitlement, appropriateness, and implementation. The discussion includes recommendations that differentiate the legal parameters of these judicial rulings from proactive best practices that tend to mitigate litigation and promote effective student outcomes.

A despeito de sua relevância para a conformação da Psicologia moderna, a Análise do Comportamento enfrentou diversas controvérsias ao longo do século XX. Estudos têm sugerido estratégias para lidar com tal cenário, como o uso de storytelling em obras analítico-comportamentais voltadas ao ensino e difusão da área. Este artigo analisa uma obra alinhada com esta proposta: uma História em Quadrinhos (HQ) publicada por Richard W. Malott em 1972, pela editora Behaviordelia. Tratase de uma pesquisa em História da Psicologia que se apropria de estratégias de análise documental. O texto está dividido em três momentos: (1) a apresentação de um panorama histórico de circulação da Análise do Comportamento nos EUA durante o século XX, contexto marcado por reações ambivalentes à área; (2) uma breve exposição da trajetória profissional de Malott, incluindo aspectos biográficos associados à produção de obras didáticas; e (3) uma discussão sobre a estrutura e o conteúdo da HQ analisada, bem como reações à sua publicação. Os dados examinados possibilitaram discutir escolhas editoriais assumidas pelo autor e a forma como a sua HQ circulou em contextos formativos e de difusão da Análise do Comportamento.

O artigo explora a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada (ABA) e sua extensão, a Gestão do Comportamento Organizacional (OBM), que estuda cientificamente o impacto dos ambientes de trabalho no comportamento de líderes e colaboradores. Destaca-se o uso crescente de avaliações, especialmente o Performance Diagnostic Checklist (PDC), uma ferramenta analítico-comportamental adaptada para ambientes de serviços humanos. O foco principal é apresentar uma diretriz clínica para aprimorar a performance dos colaboradores, introduzindo o PDC-HS (1.1). A diretriz proposta orienta a decisão do analista do comportamento, abrangendo a definição do problema, categorização (vida pessoal, ético, técnico) e um plano de ação. O texto ressalta a importância da clínica como recurso preliminar antes da aplicação do PDC-HS (1.1) na gestão de pessoas, reconhecendo a necessidade de avaliação futura de sua utilidade clínica e confiabilidade

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.