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This study aims to systematically review the global trends in developmental disability research applying Relational Frame Theory (RFT). Initially, 1,405 research articles were searched, and following the PRISMA procedure, 58 studies focusing on developmental disabilities within the context of RFT were ultimately selected for analysis. This research meticulously examined the publication year, journal name, characteristics of participants, dependent variables, independent variables, research settings, and experimental designs of the selected studies. The analysis of the global trends in RFT-based developmental disability research revealed that studies span a variety of developmental disability types, with derived relational responding and verbal operants among the primary dependent variables, and RFT-based instructional strategies frequently serving as independent variables. The research settings were predominantly in schools and therapy rooms, with most participants being children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Through this study, it was confirmed that RFT provides a significant theoretical and practical foundation for supporting language and cognitive development in the field of developmental disabilities. Based on the findings, the study suggests the need for expanding the scope and deepening the theoretical exploration of RFT-related research, discussing the limitations of the current study and directions for future research.

Group contingencies are well established as methods for reducing disruptive classroom behaviors and increasing academic behaviors. However, their role in increasing prosocial behaviors has not yet been explored to the same extent. We conducted a systematic review of the single-case literature to synthesize the types of prosocial and antisocial behaviors targeted in school settings, the short-term and long-term behavioral contingencies used to target these behaviors, and the quality of the literature. We searched five databases for studies exploring the use of group contingencies to increase prosocial behaviors or decrease antisocial behaviors in children. Our narrative synthesis of the twenty-two included studies noted contingencies employed in these interventions consisted of either positive reinforcement or a combination of positive reinforcement and positive punishment. Of the 22 studies included for review, none met the What Works Clearinghouse Design Standards without reservations. Interobserver agreement and demonstration of effects over time were the most commonly unmet design standards. Future research should seek to encourage greater focus on both prosocial behavior and positive behavior change mechanisms. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022337025.

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Positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) is a three-tiered framework shown to improve student behavioral outcomes. There has been considerable investment in scaling up Tier 1 PBIS but less focus on scaling Tier 2 supports. Having greater insight into teachers,’ students,’ and families’ perceptions regarding the social validity of Tier 2 interventions may further facilitate the scale-up of this more resource-intensive level of the multitiered model. The primary objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the social validity of Tier 2 interventions in 48 experimental studies, 65% of which systematically assessed social validity. Almost all studies reporting social validity data surveyed student participants and teachers (94%). Results indicated teachers and students primarily reported positive perceptions regarding Tier 2 interventions, although some teachers expressed concerns with effectiveness of the outcomes. Findings provide insights that can help promote the scale-up and broader dissemination of Tier 2 supports.

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