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Purpose: The present article reports guidelines that aim to establish basic rules for interventions based on behavior analysis for individuals with se …

Internalizing problems are common mental health concerns among children and youth. Identifying malleable risk factors that are associated with internalizing problems, such as not having a trusted adult at school, can lead to positive behavior supports to reduce student risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between student-reported internalizing problems and having an adult to talk to at school. Students in elementary, middle, and high school ( N = 13,881) in the Midwestern United States provided self-report data about their internalizing symptoms and whether they had an adult to talk to at school if they had a problem. Participants were 51% male and 72% White; 40% qualified for free or reduced lunch and 12% were in special education. A series of growth models revealed that not having a trusted adult at school was a strong risk factor for internalizing symptoms over the school year. Moreover, lack of a trusted adult was associated with worsening internalizing symptoms over time for middle and high school students. The findings have implications for identifying students and planning supports to alleviate this risk.

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A expansão de movimentos sociais voltados a questões de gênero impulsionou indagações concernentes à suposta naturalidade de comportamentos culturalmente atribuídos a homens e mulheres. Corroborando estes movimentos, estudos sobre masculinidades têm buscado elaborar explicações sobre a diversidade inerente à categoria “homem”. As diversas possibilidades de ser homem conferem pluralidade às masculinidades, entendidas como configurações de práticas que estabelecem entre si relações hierárquicas. Nesta hierarquia, a masculinidade hegemônica é dominante, representando o tipo de masculinidade socialmente mais admirado, sobretudo pelos homens, o qual, atualmente, contempla comportamentos rígidos e potencialmente danosos para homens e mulheres – porém sempre passíveis de transformação. Para que sejam efetivas, estas transformações demandam a elaboração de políticas de masculinidades comprometidas com a justiça social. Assim, objetivou-se discutir possíveis caminhos para a elaboração e fortalecimento de políticas de masculinidades direcionadas à justiça social em termos analítico-comportamentais, considerando que a Análise do Comportamento tem se mostrado cada vez mais alinhada com estudos socialmente relevantes. Por meio dos conceitos de planejamento cultural, autocontrole, controle ético, contracontrole e controle face a face, concluiu-se que os homens, ao exercerem papel significativo na produção e perpetuação de práticas de masculinidades nocivas, devem ser tratados não apenas como parte do problema, mas, sobretudo, como parte da solução.

AbstractBehavior analysts in research and clinical practice are interested in an ever-expanding array of topics. They are compelled to explore the social validity of the interventions they propose and the findings they generate. As the field moves in these important directions, qualitative methods are becoming increasingly relevant. Representing a departure from small-n design favored by behavior analysts, qualitative approaches provide analysts a unique set of tools to answer questions that prioritize voice, experience, and understandings in context. Despite recognition of the value of qualitative approaches in other disciplines, application of qualitative methods in behavior analysis remains limited. One likely explanation is that behavior analysts are not yet fluent in applying qualitative approaches within their clinical and research investigations. To address this issue, exploration of qualitative research approaches in behavior analytic literature is needed, alongside practical advice for analysts who are interested in using qualitative methods. This article briefly outlines qualitative literature which pertains to behavior analysts wanting to incorporate qualitative methods into their inquiries. Attention is primarily drawn to the need for coherence in designing and implementing a robust qualitative study that aligns with the behavior analyst’s aims and perspective on knowing. A set of guiding questions are provided to orient behavior analysts to considerations in qualitative research and outline how analysts can conceptualize a strong qualitative study. This article aims to support increased application of qualitative methods by behavior analysts, where these methods best address the function of the behavior analytic investigation.

AbstractSocial justice movements, protests, marches, and direct action are collective events including many people. Although organizers should carefully plan the goals and strategies of these actions broadly, and behavior analysts have made significant progress to systems level analyses of social and cultural practices, it is important to continue to include analyses of the individuals involved and how the contingencies of protest may encourage or discourage continued involvement. One critical aspect of these contingencies, I argue, is how the action ends. Two protest actions are analyzed as a participant with a focus on how the protest ended and if the operant “attending a protest” was reinforced or punished.

AbstractRecent studies have shown that biased search results can produce substantial shifts in the opinions and voting preferences of undecided voters – a phenomenon called the “search engine manipulation effect” (SEME), one of the most powerful list effects ever discovered. We believe this is so because, unlike other list effects, SEME is supported by a daily regimen of operant conditioning. When people conduct searches for simple facts (86% of searches), the correct answer invariably turns up in the top position, which teaches users to attend to and click on high-ranking search results. As a result, when people are undecided, they tend to formulate opinions based on web pages linked to top search results. We tested this hypothesis in a controlled experiment with 551 US voters. Participants in our High-Trust group conducted routine searches in which the correct answer always appeared in the first search result. In our Low-Trust group, the correct answer could appear in any search position other than the first two. In all, participants had to answer five questions during this pre-training, and we focused our analysis on people who answered all the questions correctly (n = 355) – in other words, on people who were maximally impacted by the pre-training contingencies. A difference consistent with our hypothesis emerged between the groups when they were subsequently asked to search for information on political candidates. Voting preferences in the High-Trust group shifted toward the favored candidate at a higher rate (34.6%) than voting preferences in the Low-Trust group (17.1%, p = 0.001).

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