Indexador

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

AbstractPrevious research has examined the predictive validity of heart rate on destructive behavior; however, such research has yet to improve clinical practice or enhance our understanding of the relation between physiology and destructive behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of heart rate on varying topographies and functions of destructive behavior while controlling antecedent and consequent events through functional analysis. We first demonstrated the reliability of the Polar H10 heart rate monitor and assessed the feasibility of its use in simulated functional analysis sessions. However, across four consecutively enrolled patients, heart rate was not found to be a reliable predictor of destructive behavior, regardless of its topography or function. Instead, functional reinforcer presence and absence was sufficient to predict socially reinforced destructive behavior. This study may provide a framework for the future assessment of other biological measures in relation to destructive behavior occurrence and nonoccurrence.

AbstractDelayed matching to sample (DMTS) increases the probability of equivalence class formation. Precurrent responses can mediate the retention interval in DMTS trials and control the selection of comparisons. In human participants, precurrent responses usually consist of naming the experimental stimuli based on their similarities to meaningful stimuli with preexperimental history. We tested whether precurrents expand classes by serving as nodes between experimental and meaningful stimuli. A DMTS (2 s) was used throughout the entire experiment. Eleven undergraduates learned A1B1 and A2B2 relations and then were submitted to ArC trials that required them to answer math problems presented during the DMTS interval: when the sample was A1, the problems resulted in 12 and C1 was correct; when the sample was A2, they resulted in 9 and C2 was correct. Response‐as‐node tests assessed whether participants would relate B1 and C1 to the printed number 12 and B2 and C2 to the printed number 9. Ten participants responded accordingly to this pattern, showing that the responses to the problems expanded the classes. Parity tests using the words “even” and “odd” further confirmed this hypothesis. These results contribute to understanding why DMTS enhances equivalence performances. Implications of using this procedure in stimulus‐equivalence studies are discussed.

O princípio do menor esforço pode ser compreendido como uma sumarização de observações que apontam para uma maior probabilidade dos organismos se comportarem despendendo o menor esforço possível. Essas observações usualmente comparam as taxas de resposta sob diferentes condições de esforço que podem variar entre fases do experimento ou apresentadas simultaneamente em esquemas de reforço concorrentes. O objetivo deste ensaio é revisar pesquisas que investigam os efeitos do esforço sobre a taxa de resposta e discutir se seus achados permitem endossar ou refutar o princípio do menor esforço. Algumas pesquisas parecem indicar que os efeitos supressivos do esforço não são universais e que existem circunstâncias e arranjos metodológicos que, mediante o aumento na exigência física, ocasionam aumento na taxa de respostas. Concomitantemente, há dados em delineamentos de escolha que mostram uma preferência consistente pela opção de maior esforço. Entretanto, o conjunto desses achados, apesar de oferecer uma maior diversificação no estudo dos efeitos do esforço sobre o comportamento, não permite refutar definitivamente o princípio do menor esforço. As pesquisas que aparentemente contrariam o princípio do menor esforço apresentam problemas conceituais e metodológicos que precisam ser superados para que suas hipóteses sejam devidamente submetidas à testagem experimental.

The experimental analysis of behavior, a basic field of behavior analysis, experimentally manipulates the 3-term contingency in order to analyze the f …

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

AbstractResurgence of previously reinforced behavior represents a challenge to otherwise successful interventions based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Expanded‐operant treatments seek to increase the number of functional alternative behaviors through DRA, thereby potentially mitigating resurgence. However, the few studies that have directly examined these methods as a tool for resurgence mitigation have provided limited and unclear results. Thus, the present experiments were designed to investigate the effect of expanded‐operant DRA methods on resurgence of previously reinforced behavior using rat subjects. In two experiments, following a baseline phase in which a target response was trained, groups of rats experienced concurrent (i.e., five simultaneous alternative responses), serial (i.e., five sequentially available alternative responses), or single DRA interventions arranging similar rates of alternative reinforcement in order to examine potential differences in resurgence. Both experiments showed that neither serial nor concurrent DRA expanded‐operant treatments reduced resurgence compared with single DRA regardless of whether stimuli associated with previously reinforced alternative responses were removed (Experiment 1) or remained present (Experiment 2) for the serial‐DRA group. Further, a primacy effect in resurgence was obtained for the serial‐DRA group in both experiments. Overall, these results suggest that expanded‐operant treatments may not help to reduce resurgence.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.