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Abstract Identifying objective ways to measure a therapist's physiological responding when encountering challenging behavior has the potential to guide future work in staff performance, well‐being, and retention. The current technical report summarizes controlled measures of therapists' electrodermal activity (EDA) while implementing functional analyses of challenging behavior. The technology used to monitor EDA, analyses relevant to EDA in the context of challenging behavior, and technical barriers related to the use of these measures are discussed. Preliminary data from three therapists suggested that indicators of acute physiological arousal are present in functional analyses, particularly surrounding occurrences of challenging behavior. Support for the further development of these technologies is provided.

A fusão cognitiva, conceito central da Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT), refere-se à tendência de aderência rígida aos pensamentos, contribuindo para sofrimento psicológico. O Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) é um instrumento psicometricamente validado para mensurar esse processo. Este estudo realizou uma revisão de escopo, seguindo PRISMA-ScR e o Joanna Briggs Institute, com o objetivo de mapear o uso do CFQ em pesquisas com cuidadores informais. A busca, realizada em oito bases de dados, resultou em 16 estudos incluídos, publicados entre 2014 e 2025, principalmente na Espanha e nos Estados Unidos. Os participantes eram majoritariamente mulheres, com média de idade de 62 anos, cuidando de pessoas com demência. Predominaram delineamentos transversais, com uso das versões espanhola e CFQ-7, apresentando alfas entre 0,79 e 0,97. As principais variáveis dependentes foram sintomas depressivos, ansiedade, sobrecarga e satisfação com valores; as independentes incluíram intervenções psicológicas e dados sociodemográficos. Altos níveis de fusão foram associados a maior sofrimento, e sua redução a melhor bem-estar. Intervenções baseadas em ACT mostraram-se promissoras. Limitações incluíram delineamento transversal e amostras convenientes. Conclui-se que o CFQ é útil para avaliar fusão em cuidadores, mas são necessários estudos longitudinais e culturalmente diversos para fortalecer as evidências.

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Abstract The concept of values was first introduced into behavior-analytic literature by B. F. Skinner and later expanded by S. C. Hayes and colleagues. Today, values constitute a central component of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and play a key role in contextual behavioral therapies and other evidence-based interventions. In the broader literature, radical behaviorism and functional contextualism are often presented as complementary or divergent approaches, but rarely as theoretically incompatible. Although discussions of values appear across these traditions, the specific relationship between their conceptualizations has remained largely unexamined. This article offers a conceptual analysis of how values are defined within radical behaviorism and functional contextualism. To accomplish this, we reviewed publications from both traditions with a specific focus on the theme of values and organized our comparative analysis around four categories: agreement, divergence, contradiction, and complementarity. Our review identified one area of agreement, three areas of divergence, three areas of direct contradiction, and explored the possibility of complementarity. These findings suggest that the two approaches offer conceptually incompatible accounts of values, with significant implications for theory, research, and clinical practice. Conceptual precision in defining values can reduce ambiguity and support more effective action, aligning CBS with its goals of predicting and influencing behavior. Moreover, each definition of values embeds implicit normative commitments that shape the community’s practices. Understanding the functional consequences of each formulation, therefore, is not a matter of determining which definition is “correct” in a realist or empiricist sense, but of evaluating which definition best serves the purposes and interests of the behavior-analytic community.

Abstract Behavioral economic accounts posit that distorted valuation processes underlie cannabis decisions; however, less is known about the moment‐to‐moment dynamics through which value influences observable choice behavior. This study explored whether value‐based decision‐making and behavioral economic constructs distinguish people with and without cannabis use history. Sixty participants were recruited, half with a history of cannabis use (cannabis group) and half without (control group). Participants completed a value‐based decision‐making task (choosing between previously rated cannabis‐related and cannabis‐unrelated images). A drift‐diffusion model was fitted to behavioral data (choice and response time patterns) to estimate reinforcer‐specific parameters, including evidence accumulation rates and response thresholds. Compared with controls, participants with history of cannabis use had higher cannabis evidence accumulation rates ( p = .023). Exploratory analyses revealed higher self‐report cannabis demand across most indices (all except P max ; p s ≤ .042). However, groups did not differ in cannabis‐unrelated evidence accumulation rates or response thresholds for either decision type ( p s ≥ .186). Notably, controls showed higher cannabis‐unrelated than cannabis evidence accumulation rates ( p = .001). People with a history of cannabis use ascribe a higher value to cannabis than those without such history, who in turn value cannabis less than alternative reinforcers—a pattern consistent with behavioral economic accounts of addiction.

Behavioral variability has been shown to increase when reinforcement is contingent upon it. However, the explanation of how that comes about is not clear. Catania’s distinction between descriptive and functional operant classes may be helpful in clarifying the problem. The interpretation of what happens when variability increases in typical variability experiments is hampered by the complexity of the descriptive behavioral units. Those units typically consist of sequences of responses, separated by forced inter-response intervals. Therefore, the current experiment focused on several clearly distinguishable responses to different operanda rather than sequences of responses to only two operanda. The results support earlier findings that the degree of behavioral variability changes with changing lag requirements. However, the study of easily discriminable responses makes possible a detailed description of how local contingencies of reinforcement oscillate between reinforcement and extinction of the different response types. These local changes in contingencies apparently suffice in explaining the resulting variability and makes redundant any explanation in terms of a random generator or variability as an operant dimension on its own.

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Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.