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AbstractPolicies vary substantially in terms of providing sources of psychosocial enrichment. Behavioral economic models of substance use and addiction emphasize that deficits in access to substance‐free sources of reward increase substance reinforcing value and risk for addiction. The current study used an alcohol demand curve approach to test the hypothesis that various indices of reward deprivation would be associated with elevated alcohol reinforcing efficacy. We examined associations between alcohol demand indices and several facets of reward deprivation in a sample of young adults (N = 1,331; ages 19–25 years) recruited from the United States and Canada who reported recent binge drinking. Additionally, we created an index of cumulative reward deprivation that integrated the various reward facets and examined its association with alcohol demand intensity and maximum expenditure on alcohol. Our findings indicate that reward deprivation is associated with elevated alcohol demand and provide support for alcohol prevention and intervention approaches that emphasize environmental enrichment.

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O objetivo deste estudo reflexivo é oferecer contribuições teóricas para a construção de uma psicologia social comportamentalista radical. O escopo deste campo de pesquisa e ação estaria na mediação entre os fenômenos comportamentais individuais e a vida social em suas dimensões sócio-históricas, o que estabelece a relação entre conhecimentos particulares e universais como um problema teórico fundamental. A relação entre o conhecimento universalizado a respeito dos fenômenos comportamentais e as dimensões particulares das realidades sócio-históricas (para além das realidades individuais) favorece o compromisso com as necessidades próprias da população local e com a contribuição à ciência do comportamento como um todo, a partir de nossa diversidade e de nossas especificidades. Dessa interpretação teórica, derivamos algumas direções gerais: a meta-análise crítica permitida por uma psicologia social do comportamento científico; a investigação sobre a formação social da subjetividade; a aproximação aos estudos sociais latino-americanos; e o uso de métodos de pesquisa e ação social em contextos diversos. O caminho é favorável a um maior envolvimento do comportamentalismo radical no debate político, por meio do tratamento a questões sociais concretas do cotidiano com foco em aspectos pertencentes ao campo de estudos da psicologia.

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Despite the potential benefits of integrating family–school partnerships into school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), many barriers persist that limit a school’s ability to engage in meaningful family–school partnerships. These barriers to implementation suggest the importance of understanding the extent to which school teams can overcome these obstacles and promote family–school partnerships in PBIS. The present study adds to the literature by evaluating school teams’ reported implementation of different recommended practices in family–school partnerships in PBIS. Specifically, school teams in the U.S. state of Massachusetts ( N = 79) participating in a 3-year PBIS implementation training program completed a survey (65% response rate) where they reported the extent to which they were implementing family–school partnership practices in PBIS across a variety of domains. Findings suggest relative strengths (i.e., communication, resources) and opportunities for growth (i.e., shared decision-making) in schools’ implementation of family–school partnership strategies in PBIS. We also found school characteristics related to increased enrollment and greater racial diversity of the student body posed additional challenges for school staff in ensuring high fidelity implementation of family–school partnership strategies in PBIS. We end with suggestions for researchers and practitioners to boost implementation of key features of family–school partnerships in PBIS via equitable and culturally responsive implementation strategies.

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Abstract This article suggests a framework for integrating a conceptual and an empirical approach to understanding human speech. Verbal activities may be understood as a result of conjoint phylogenetic and ontogenetic selection processes. The present article situates an experimental procedure investigating verbal activities as a function of ontogenetic events in the larger context of Darwinian selection. In this experimental procedure, the experimenter uttered “hmm” and “yes” contingently and contiguously on a participant’s mentioning of predefined words. To test if the experimenter’s verbal activity modified the participant’s rate of those words, 63 Norwegian participants reported individually on video recordings. Resembling the results of previous studies, cumulative relative frequency distributions of target word rates showed that three of four target words occurred at a higher rate when the experimenter uttered “hmm” and “yes” during a participant’s report than when she was silent. Methodological challenges of investigating the selection of verbal activities by their contingencies with Phylogenetically Important Events are discussed.