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A análise do comportamento tem contribuído para um melhor entendimento de questões que interferem no repertório de indivíduos do transtorno do espectro autista. Entre as relações comportamentais presentes no TEA, são relatadas restrições e seletividades alimentares. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar os estudos sobre comportamento alimentar de autistas pelo referencial da análise do comportamento e examina as publicações de textos do período de 2010 a 2022, em periódicos presentes na base de dados da SciELO, além de livros, publicações oficiais e disponíveis na internet, artigos científicos e projetos de monografia, dissertações e teses disponíveis no Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionadas pesquisas com teor científico, empíricas, com algum tipo de delineamento experimental, a fim de evidenciar a importância de caracterizar o que já foi publicado por outros pesquisadores e o que já se tem conhecimento e evidências acerca do tema, além das possíveis limitações dos estudos.

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AbstractWe conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior‐analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral‐learning journals from 2011–2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver‐collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% (n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% (n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement; n = 4), and 3.9% (n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver‐collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver‐collected data.

AbstractChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder often exhibit deficits in daily living skills, including toileting skills. Previous studies have evaluated components of common toilet training practices, including differential reinforcement, sit schedules, fluid loading, underwear, and wet alarms. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous work by delivering all coaching remotely. Three caregiver‐child dyads participated in this study. A researcher coached caregivers on the implementation of the protocol using a modified behavioral skills training approach via telehealth. Caregivers submitted daily toileting data and weekly audio recordings for treatment integrity checks. The sit schedule fading was individualized to meet the needs and preferences of each family. All caregivers implemented the protocol with high integrity. Two participants met the mastery criteria at the 90‐min sit schedule and maintained performance at the 1‐ and 6‐week maintenance follow up probes. The third participant, despite an interruption of treatment, also reached mastery.

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AbstractThe generalized matching law predicts performance on concurrent schedules when variable‐interval schedules are programmed but is trivially applicable when independent ratio schedules are used. Responding usually is exclusive to the schedule with the lowest response requirement. Determining a method to program concurrent ratio schedules such that matching analyses can be usefully employed would extend the generality of matching research and lead to new avenues of research. In the present experiments, ratio schedules were programmed dependently such that responses to either of the two options progressed the requirement on both schedules. Responding is not exclusive because the probability of reinforcement increases on both schedules as responses are allocated to either schedule. In Experiment 1, performance on concurrent variable‐ratio schedules was assessed, and reinforcer ratios were varied across conditions to investigate changes in sensitivity. Additionally, the length of a changeover delay was manipulated. In Experiment 2, performance was compared under concurrently available, dependently programmed variable‐ratio and fixed‐ratio schedules. Performance was well described by the generalized matching law. Increases in the changeover delay decreased sensitivity, whereas sensitivity was higher when variable‐ratio schedules were employed, compared with fixed‐ratio schedules. Concurrent ratio schedules can be a viable approach to studying functional differences between ratio and interval schedules.

O paradigma da Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE) surgiu na década de 1990 na medicina e, gradualmente, passou a ser incorporado por outras áreas da saúde, incluindo a psicologia. A PBE é definida como o processo individualizado de tomada de decisão clínica que ocorre por meio da integração da melhor evidência disponível com a perícia clínica no contexto das características individuais do paciente. A concepção de uma psicoterapia pautada em evidências parece estar em perfeita harmonia com a ideologia da Análise do Comportamento (AC), que, desde a sua origem, apresenta um forte comprometimento coma sustentação empírica de seus procedimentos terapêuticos. Porém, debates recentes sobre a relação entre AC e PBE, tanto em instâncias formais quanto informais, têm revelado incompreensões e discordâncias quanto a alguns tópicos cruciais, a saber: (1) a função da teoria e da pesquisa básica para a prática clínica; (2) a necessidade de padronização da intervenção; (3) amensuração de desfechos clínicos e o uso do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais; e (4) a relevância das evidências oriundas de ensaios clínicos randomizados. O presente artigo dedica-se a explorar com profundidade cada um desses tópicos, contrastando proposições conceituais, metodológicas e aplicadas, em vistas a um melhor diálogo entre aPBE e a AC. Espera-se, assim, que este trabalho contribua para o desenvolvimento científico da psicoterapia.

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