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Na obra de Skinner a noção de controle face a face aparece como uma tese política quando é apresentada como alternativa ao controle institucional. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como essa noção foi empregado ao longo da obra skinneriana, avaliando as potencialidades e limites dessa proposta política. Para tanto, foram examinados treze textos em que Skinner empregou o termo ‘face to face’ como forma específica de controle social. As análises mostraram que, reiteradamente, a noção de controle face a face aparece como oposição ao controle promovido por agências, no qual predominam regras. No material analisado, Walden Two apareceu como exemplo de sociedade ordenada pelo controle face a face, embora a expressão ‘face to face’ não tenha sido encontrada no livro de 1948. A defesa do controle face a face aproxima Skinner do anarquismo, o que foi reconhecido pelo próprio autor. O tamanho do grupo e o desequilíbrio em relações de poder foram mencionados por Skinner como limitações para o controle face a face. Conclui-se que: i) quando se toma Walden Two como exemplo, as aproximações com o anarquismo são problemáticas; ii) a viabilidade do controle face a face como proposta política transformadora é questionável.

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The prevalence of neurocognitive disorders has been rising and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause. Studies on conditional discrimination have contributed to understand the variables associated with the cognitive function. However, the relationship of such studies with cognitive impairment in older adults remains under-explored. This research aims to compare the performances of older adults during tasks involving conditional discrimination training with their performances on Addenbroke's Cognitive Examination, a widely used screening test for cognitive impairments. The sample was composed of 45 older adults. The participants performed a computerized task consisting on establishing arbitrary conditional relations between three pairs of stimuli. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination was administered to assess the cognitive performance. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between the performance in conditional discrimination and in the cognitive assessment. This correlation was observed only among participants who did not reported having AD in use of anti-cholinesterase drugs (30 participants). These findings demonstrate a direct relationship between learning difficulties, when it comes to learning arbitrary conditional relations, and the occurrence of cognitive decline. Therefore, the administration of the conditional relations tasks could be useful for distinguishing older adults with and without AD. Keywords: Conditional discrimination; neuropsychological tests; elderly; Alzheimer's Disease.

Correspondence between verbal and nonverbal behavior is a relation between what a person says and does or between what a person does and reports. Correspondence training is a procedure to establish the relation between verbal and nonverbal behavior. The purpose of this study was to review studies on correspondence training, analyze the characteristics of the studies, and provide directions for future research. Sixteen single-case design studies were selected, reviewed, and analyzed in the following categories: participants, settings, dependent variables, intervention and procedural integrity, overall outcomes, and review of research methodology based on Quality Indicators(CEC, 2014). Results indicated that the studies on correspondence training have been effective in improving play, on-task, and other appropriate behaviors as well as correspondence between saying and doing, and reducing inappropriate behavior. Based upon review of the studies, directions for future research are discussed.

AbstractResidents in juvenile residential treatment facilities (JRTFs) often display various emotional, behavioral, and educational needs. Researchers have recently developed behavioral interventions to increase residents' appropriate behavior such as cooperation with facility staff instructions, accepting feedback from facility staff, and tolerating unpleasant events. However, there is not a generally accepted tool for assessing the operant function of residents' problem behavior in JRTFs. For various logistical reasons, indirect functional assessments may be more appropriate in a JRTF than manipulating either antecedent or consequent events. This study obtained scores on the Questions About Behavior Function (QABF) assessment for 17 residents from two dormitory staff members for each resident. To increase the number of respondents, each resident completed a QABF for their own behavior. Results revealed moderate to high correspondence (i.e., agreement) for highest and lowest potential operant function of problem behavior between combinations of JRTF staff and residents. These preliminary findings suggest additional research with the QABF in JRTFs is warranted.