Indexador

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Abstract Procedural fidelity is the extent to which prescribed protocols are accurately and correctly implemented. Prior researchers found that consequence‐based procedural fidelity errors can delay or impede learning, but not much is known about how they influence performance for tasks that have previously been mastered. The purpose of this study was to systematically replicate Falakfarsa et al. (2023) to further investigate how consequence‐based errors affect performance postmastery. Twenty‐four undergraduates mastered a computerized match‐to‐sample task under conditions of perfect fidelity (100%). Following mastery, consequence‐based errors were introduced across varying levels of fidelity. For 13 participants, we observed decreased percentage of correct responses on the task in the presence of errors, with considerable intersubject variability. No effect of the independent variable was observed for 11 participants. The results suggest that error reinforcement was the more detrimental error type. We discuss the implications of the results and make several suggestions for future research.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Abstract Ableism is biased covert behavior or overtly discriminatory actions against people who are disabled. Ableism often involves words and actions that convey an attitude or belief that disabled people are inferior to nondisabled people, irrespective of whether the person holding these views (i.e., private events) is aware that their thoughts are biased or actions are discriminatory. All people have biases that have grown out of their exposure to harmful social norms, models, and observational learning as well as experiences and contingencies. As practitioners, administrators, instructors, and scientists, we are responsible for recognizing our own biases and actively working to alter our words and behavior so that our biases do not manifest in discrimination. This paper describes ableism and its impact on applied behavior analytic (ABA) practices, services, and supports and on the Autistic people we serve. The authors provide a brief discussion of the current efforts to reform ABA services and where they view anti-ableism is situated in the reform ABA movement. Then the bulk of the paper features examples of ableist practices and suggestions for dismantling ableism in ABA practice. Although these suggestions largely have not yet been submitted to empirical investigation, the general paucity of research in this area combined with the ethical directive to avoid discrimination requires practitioners to begin this work while empirical research is in its infancy. The companion article “Ableism in Applied Behavior Analysis: Historical Context of Services for Autistic People” (McComas et al., in press) provides a more in-depth exploration of the historical context of ableism in ABA.

Abstract Ableism is broadly defined as a set of behaviors and attitudes or, in behavior-analytic terms, as private events, deeply embedded within societal norms (Friedman & Owen, 2017). This paper explores the concept of ableism and its relation to applied behavior analytic services, with a particular focus on its implications for services provided to Autistic people. The purpose of the paper is neither to criticize nor to offer apologies for applied behavior analysis (ABA), but rather it is to aid the reader in understanding ableism by describing the context in which applied behavior analytic interventions were designed to attenuate some of the severe behavior that was distressing for the Autistic person and their caregivers (e.g., parents, staff). Examples of such behavior included self-injury, aggression, and extreme social withdrawal which were characteristic of individuals diagnosed as Autistic in the early days of ABA. The authors trace the evolution of ableism in ABA through to the present day, in which the heterogeneity in behavioral expression and needs of people diagnosed as Autistic are perhaps greater than ever, and some of those needs continue to go unaddressed. This paper, along with its companion article, “Ableism in Applied Behavior Analysis: A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding and Dismantling Ableism in Practice with Autistic People,” have incorporated both the limited available research regarding ableism in ABA-related services and lived experiences of some of the authors and other Autistic people whom the authors have provided services.

Apresentamos um artigo sobre a abordagem comunitária comportamental, destacando como o campo tem sido definido conceitualmente, suas peculiaridades em razão dos contextos de aplicação e características dos estudos aplicados. O campo constitui uma interface entre a psicologia comunitária e a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada. Apesar da ênfase inicialmente dada à prevenção na esfera da saúde mental em contexto comunitário, o campo se diversificou, abrangendo temas como meio ambiente e trânsito. Além disso, os estudos aplicados produzidos no campo da abordagem comunitária comportamental podem ser categorizados em duas estratégias, a depender (1) do tipo de comportamentos que promovem e (2) do contexto de intervenção. O campo também tem sido marcado por discussões acerca da viabilidade e utilidade do controle experimental e outras recomendações, bem como pela necessidade de se considerar os valores das pessoas envolvidas nas intervenções. Enfatizamos a necessidade de mais estudos conduzidos em contextos comunitários, para que as potenciais contribuições da abordagem comunitária comportamental sejam verificadas. Uma forma de avançar o campo no Brasil é criar interlocuções entre analistas do comportamento e formuladores de políticas públicas e/ou entidades voluntárias que ofertam serviços diretamente nos territórios.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported treat­ment and a process-based approach to psychological suffering and the promotion of human prosperity. This paper presents a quick guide to ACT, aiming at students and professionals who are first reading about it. Readers will learn the first steps to understanding ACT, the Psychological Flexibility model, the current state of evidence for ACT, and some thoughts on the future of this approach.

Resumo não informado pela fonte indexada.