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Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) is a maladaptive experiential avoidance strat­egy triggered by recurrent, aversive, and intrusive thoughts, present in the processes of rumi­nation and worry. Studies in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) suggest that high levels of Psychological Inflexibility (PI) intensify RNT patterns and increase psychological distress. However, there are no studies evaluating the application of this assumption in the Brazilian population. This study aims to (1) explore the relationships between RNT, PI, cog­nitive fusion (CF), and psychological distress (PD); and (2) assess if PI levels influence RNT levels and if CF is a significant mediator between them. Measures of CF, RNT, and PI were filled out by 225 participants, and 187 participants answered a measure of PD. The results in­dicate that RNT is significantly and positively correlated with all assessed variables, although the correlation strength with PD was weaker compared to other populations. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that PI had a significant impact in RNT levels, especially when mediated by CF.

Abstract Empirical investigations of pliance and tracking, two functional classes of rule-governed behavior, are limited. This clinical report examined the temporal stability and prospective clincial utility of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire–Children (GPQ-C; Salazar et al., 2018) and the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire–Children (GTQ-C; Pereira et al., 2020) in a sample of adolescent males residing in a juvenile residential treatment facility. Forty justice-involved youth voluntarily completed the GPQ-C and GTQ-C at four time points over the course of one year. At the same time, the facility’s standardized, color-coded behavior tracking system (green = meeting expectations, yellow = minor problem behavior, and red = major problem behavior) was used to evaluate whether changes in observed behavior occurred alongside GPQ-C and GTQ-C scores. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that both GPQ-C and GTQ-C scores demonstrated test–retest reliability, remaining stable across time. Although neither measure significantly predicted behavior at individual time points, higher GPQ-C and GTQ-C scores were associated with smaller reductions in problem behavior over the evaluation period. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

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Abstract Single‐case experimental design has been increasingly represented in research over the past several decades. Increasing rates of publication, combined with unique features inherent in single‐case research, have complicated efforts to synthesize published literature. This work reviews technical challenges associated with single‐case research synthesis and how tools such as the Single Case Analysis and Review Framework (SCARF) can supplement these efforts while retaining critical features of visual analysis. A web‐based user interface for the SCARF (SCARF‐UI) is presented, described, and accompanied by a guide on its use and relevance to behavior analysts and other single‐case design researchers. This free and open‐source software is reviewed and presented with training materials and demonstrations of prior research reviews completed using SCARF. Additional discussion is also provided regarding avenues for increasing consistent appraisal of behavior analytic research.

AbstractDecreasing funding for nonhuman animal research decreases the opportunity for students and researchers to explore the behavior of many species in many contexts. In the long run, this will reduce variability within the experimental analysis of behavior around what species are being researched and what questions are being asked. New technologies, however, offer students and researchers the opportunity to observe the behavior of organisms in everyday environments in cost‐effective ways. In this article, a backyard birding setup is described that costs ~US$150 and allows for ongoing data collection of a local backyard bird population (Aves) in feeding competition with eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). In these wild populations, a reversal design demonstrated extinction, class‐specific learning rates, interclass competition, and the influence of these on a birder's behavior. This work shows one way the experimental analysis of behavior might be injected with greater variation by students and researchers being alert to and measuring the wildness in our everyday environments.

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Abstract The present study analyzed the eye movement patterns of five typically developed adults who were exposed to a series of simple discrimination training tasks with reversals in the contingencies of reinforcement that led to the formation of functional stimulus classes. Two studies were planned. In Study 1, two visual stimuli were used to carry out one training phase and three consecutive reversals. In Study 2, the phases were repeated but four‐stimuli functional classes were established. In the second study, the selective observing responses to stimuli of functional classes following the reversal of the first stimulus were analyzed. The results showed shifts in the duration of observing responses as the discriminative functions of the stimuli were established and reversed. Unlike the existing literature, our study reveals that some participants maintain longer observing responses to S– than to S+. Moreover, following the reversal of the first stimulus, observing responses to all other stimuli of the same functional class change immediately and accordingly. These findings deepen our understanding of discriminative stimulus control and shed light on the role of observing responses to stimuli composing functional classes.

ABSTRACT Direct observation and measurement of behavior are the cornerstones of effective research and practice in applied behavior analysis (ABA). Despite the importance of data collection, little research is available to guide behavior analysts on issues, such as accuracy, as it relates to data collection integrity. In this paper we examined the extent to which observer reliability is influenced by observer load (i.e., the number of behaviors being simultaneously recorded) and response rate. Results show that both load and response rate may impact the reliability of data collected by newly trained direct care staff. Implications for the design of data collection systems will be discussed, as well as additional considerations and future directions needed on the topic of data collection integrity.

O estudo investigou a eficácia de uma intervenção baseada na Análise do Comportamento Aplicada (ABA) para apoiar o desenvolvimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), envolvendo familiares como co-terapeutas. Estudantes de graduação, supervisionados por docentes e pós-graduandos de uma universidade pública brasileira, criaram 240 programas de ensino individualizado. Esses programas foram aplicados junto às famílias responsáveis por 7 crianças, por um período de até 12 semanas, utilizando o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado para avaliar as habilidades no início e ao final da intervenção. Os resultados indicaram que os familiares aderiram positivamente aos programas e que todas as crianças apresentaram ganhos expressivos nas habilidades avaliadas após a intervenção. As observações dos familiares também revelaram melhorias nas capacidades das crianças. Uma limitação do projeto foi o desafio de lidar com comportamentos desafiadores das crianças.

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